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Review: Steam distilled spirits from fermented grape pomace Revision: Bebidas destiladas obtenidas de la fermentación del orujo de uva

机译:点评:发酵的葡萄果渣蒸出的蒸馏酒修订:葡萄渣发酵制得的蒸馏饮料

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摘要

Grape pomace is the solid residue left after juice extraction from grapes, and represents in Mediterra nean countries the most important by-product of the winemaking industry. Steam distillation of fer mented grape pomace will eventually produce a spirit, designated as bagaceira in Portugal, orujo in Spain and grappa in Italy. This paper comprehensively reviews fundamental and applied aspects of the manufacture of these spirits, encompassing their composition as well as metabolic reactions and microbial ecology that determine such composition during fermentation. These spirits adhere to maxi mum levels of methanol (potential toxic compound) and 2-butanol (potential flavor defect) fixed by EC regulations. Available studies pertaining to bagaceira, orujo and grappa have indicated that the final quality of these spirits depends strongly on the quality of the fresh grapes, the storage condi tions, and the distillation equipment and procedure employed.
机译:葡萄渣是从葡萄汁中提取后留下的固体残留物,在地中海国家代表着酿酒行业最重要的副产品。发酵后的葡萄果渣的蒸汽蒸馏最终将产生一种烈酒,在葡萄牙被命名为Bagaceira,在西班牙被命名为orujo,在意大利被命名为格拉巴酒。本文全面回顾了这些烈酒生产的基本和应用方面,包括其成分以及在发酵过程中决定此类成分的代谢反应和微生物生态学。这些酒精符合EC法规规定的最大甲醇含量(潜在有毒化合物)和2-丁醇含量(潜在风味缺陷)的规定。关于巴西干酪,奥鲁茹和格拉巴酒的现有研究表明,这些烈酒的最终品质很大程度上取决于新鲜葡萄的品质,储存条件以及所用的蒸馏设备和程序。

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